先理解，再听、说和核实
使用词表时，先看自己是否真正理解医学概念，再比较术语与面向患者的英文表达。中文释义帮助你迅速确认大意，但学习任务最终要回到英文：你需要听见一个词时认得它，也需要在对话中用患者能够理解的方式说明它。
不要一次从头背到尾。可以从最近练习里遇到的呼吸、疼痛或出院照护问题入手，每次选少量相关词，读英文表达、听读音，再试着脱离词表解释。若只能按原顺序背出词条，换个场景就无法使用，说明还需要语境练习。
例如，遇到hypertension，可以先连接到high blood pressure，再尝试放进一句解释中：Your blood pressure is higher than it should be。中文讨论帮助你理解两种说法的关系，实际Speaking练习仍应使用英文，并根据题目提供的信息决定解释内容。
词表不是考试词汇预测，也不是出现过就一定再考的清单。它只能提供一组练习材料；患者叙述还会包含日常活动、时间变化、顾虑和生活安排，不能因为这些内容看起来不够医学化就忽略。
Speaking：把术语换成患者能理解的表达
先在Speaking指南中理解role-play的互动要求，再用词表练习把专业说法改成清楚的英文。例如，解释oedema时，可以练习swelling caused by fluid build-up，而不是只把术语发音读得很标准，却没有说明它在当前语境中的意思。
解释不宜变成连续的小讲课。先了解患者已经知道什么，再给出一小段信息，随后留出回应空间；如果对方说担心药物影响工作，就应先处理这个担忧，而不是继续背原定的下一段内容。词条是语言资源，不是固定发言顺序。
提问要为理解服务。例如先问What have you been told about this so far，再根据回答决定解释深度。需要检查理解时，可以练习Could you tell me how you would explain that in your own words，把复述当作检验自己解释是否清楚的机会，而不是考患者是否听话。
还可以录下两版解释：第一版直接使用专业术语，第二版加入简明说明，再回听哪一版更容易跟上。不要为了显得通俗而删掉关键区别，也不要加入role-play卡片没有提供的个人诊断或治疗结论。
人工智能Speaking练习提供说明和练习入口，部分练习可能需要点数。反馈适合用来发现可继续检查的问题；是否准确回应患者、是否遗漏任务、是否把概念解释错，仍应结合录音和题目逐项复核，不能把自动评价当成确定结论。
Listening Part A：写听到的词，不写中文译文
Listening Part A要求在笔记空格中记录录音信息。词表能帮助建立声音与词形的联系，但答题时应写实际听到且适合空格的英文词，不要先译成中文再寻找一个自己熟悉的医学术语，也不要猜一个意思接近的词替代。
例如，录音说的是pain，而你认为它符合某种更专业的疼痛名称，仍不应自行把答案升级为那个术语。听辨任务首先是忠实记录题目所需信息；医学知识可以帮助理解场景，却不能代替录音证据。
拼写与单复数需要单独练习。可以听写一个词，再听写包含它的短语，最后回到完整句子，检查自己是否在语流中听到了词尾。若只看着词表抄写，你检验的是视觉复制，不能说明自己听到时能否写出来。
把拼写训练与Listening Part A练习配合使用：先做一次播放的练习，记录错误，再挑相应词练听写，隔天用不同句子复测。复测时遮住词表，避免依赖刚刚看过的字形。
容易混淆的概念，要保留医学区别
血栓与出血不是一回事，抗凝药也不能简单解释为溶解已有血栓的药。学习时应连接到减少血液凝固能力这一含义，并留意具体语境；同样，抗生素用于某些细菌感染，不能泛化成所有感染都可使用的药物。
sprain通常涉及关节周围韧带损伤，strain涉及肌肉或肌腱损伤，中文都可能被笼统说成扭伤或拉伤，因此需要看清组织区别。syncope指晕厥，seizure指脑部异常电活动引起的发作，不能因为都可能出现意识变化就当成同一概念。
dementia涉及影响日常生活的记忆和思维能力下降，delirium则强调注意力与意识状态的急性变化。depression指有相应症状表现的心理健康状况，不能只用普通难过概括；准确的中文辅助应帮助保留差别，而不是把复杂概念压成一个模糊标签。
本词表中的weaning指在奶类喂养基础上引入辅食，不是停止母乳喂养。swallowing是吞咽过程，choking是气道堵塞，aspiration是食物、液体等进入气道；它们可能在同一讨论中出现，但含义不能互换。
让词汇进入完整的沟通任务
每次选一个简单场景，把词汇放进解释、提问和回应的连续过程。例如讨论出院后的伤口照护时，先确认患者担心什么，再解释题目中给出的安排，最后请对方用自己的话说明下一步；不要为了展示词汇，把无关的检查和疾病全部加进去。
在Writing中，也应依据收信人筛选表达。写给专业人员时，恰当的医学术语有助于简洁准确；面向患者解释时，则可能需要更直白的英文。两种表达各有用途，不能把患者用语视为任何书面临床沟通都必须使用的唯一形式。
建立个人词汇记录时，可写下原句、当时的场景、自己误解的位置和一个新的例句。隔几天再用听写或口头解释检查，而不是只计算背过多少词；若某个词总与相邻概念混淆，应把区别并排整理后重新练习。
中文释义是意义辅助，不是经过认证的口译或笔译用语，也不提供诊断与治疗指示。实际临床沟通中，若语言障碍影响知情选择或安全，应按所在机构流程寻求合格口译员；备考时学过一条解释，并不代表能够承担专业口译工作。
词汇学习最终应服务于清楚、准确且能回应对方的交流。若需要了解申请所需的具体成绩，请查看分项要求；词表熟悉程度不能直接换算成正式分数，也不能说明某次考试一定会出现哪些词。
按主题查阅医学词汇
中文释义仅帮助理解词义，不是经认证的口译或笔译用语，也不是诊断或治疗指示。实际临床沟通可能需要合格口译员协助，具体含义须结合语境确认。
心血管
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| hypertension | high blood pressure | 高血压 |
| hypotension | low blood pressure | 低血压 |
| arrhythmia | an irregular heartbeat | 心律失常，心跳节律不规则 |
| tachycardia | a faster than normal heartbeat | 心动过速，心跳比正常快 |
| bradycardia | a slower than normal heartbeat | 心动过缓，心跳比正常慢 |
| angina | chest discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart | 心绞痛，心脏供血减少引起的胸部不适 |
| myocardial infarction | a heart attack | 心肌梗死，心脏供血受阻导致心肌损伤 |
| heart failure | the heart is not pumping blood as well as it should | 心力衰竭，心脏泵血能力不足 |
| oedema | swelling caused by fluid build-up | 水肿，液体积聚引起肿胀 |
| palpitations | feeling your heart pounding, fluttering or skipping beats | 心悸，感觉心跳明显、扑动或漏跳 |
| atherosclerosis | fatty build-up inside the arteries | 动脉粥样硬化，动脉内壁脂质等物质积聚 |
| thrombosis | a blood clot forming inside a blood vessel | 血栓形成，血管内形成血块 |
| deep vein thrombosis | a blood clot in a deep vein, often in the leg | 深静脉血栓，常见于腿部深静脉 |
| pulmonary embolism | a blockage in a lung artery, usually caused by a blood clot | 肺栓塞，肺动脉通常被血栓堵塞 |
| anticoagulant | medicine that reduces the blood's ability to clot | 抗凝药，降低血液凝固能力的药物 |
呼吸系统
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| dyspnoea | difficulty breathing | 呼吸困难 |
| wheeze | a whistling sound when you breathe | 喘鸣，呼吸时出现哨笛样声音 |
| asthma | a condition that can narrow and inflame the airways | 哮喘，可引起气道炎症和变窄 |
| pneumonia | a lung infection | 肺炎，肺部感染 |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the main airways in the lungs | 支气管炎，肺内主要气道发炎 |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | a long-term lung condition that makes breathing difficult | 慢性阻塞性肺疾病，长期影响呼吸的肺部疾病 |
| sputum | mucus coughed up from the lungs | 痰，从肺部咳出的黏液 |
| haemoptysis | coughing up blood | 咯血，咳出血液 |
| apnoea | a temporary pause in breathing | 呼吸暂停，呼吸暂时停止 |
| hypoxia | too little oxygen reaching the body's tissues | 缺氧，身体组织获得的氧气不足 |
| inhaler | a device that delivers medicine for you to breathe in | 吸入器，将药物送入气道的装置 |
| nebuliser | a machine that turns liquid medicine into a mist you breathe in | 雾化器，将液体药物变成可吸入雾气的机器 |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the lining around the lungs | 胸膜炎，肺周围的膜发炎 |
| oxygen saturation | a measure of how fully the oxygen-carrying part of your blood is loaded with oxygen | 血氧饱和度，血红蛋白结合氧的程度 |
| spirometry | a breathing test that measures how much and how fast you breathe out | 肺通气功能检查，测量呼气量和速度 |
消化系统
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing | 吞咽困难 |
| nausea | feeling sick, as if you might vomit | 恶心，想吐的感觉 |
| vomiting | being sick or throwing up | 呕吐 |
| reflux | stomach contents flowing back into the food pipe | 反流，胃内容物返流至食管 |
| constipation | difficulty passing stools, often with hard or infrequent stools | 便秘，排便困难或大便干硬、次数减少 |
| diarrhoea | passing loose or watery stools | 腹泻，排出稀便或水样便 |
| bloating | a feeling that your tummy is full or swollen | 腹胀，腹部发满或胀起的感觉 |
| haematemesis | vomiting blood | 呕血，呕吐物中带血 |
| melaena | black, tar-like stools that can indicate bleeding in the gut | 黑便，柏油样大便，可能提示消化道出血 |
| haemorrhoids | swollen blood vessels in or around the bottom | 痔，肛门内外血管组织肿胀 |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix | 阑尾炎 |
| gallstones | small hard deposits that form in the gallbladder | 胆结石，胆囊内形成的硬性沉积物 |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver | 肝炎，肝脏发炎 |
| jaundice | yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes | 黄疸，皮肤或眼白发黄 |
| stoma | an opening made surgically on the tummy to let body waste out | 造口，手术在腹部建立的排泄开口 |
泌尿系统
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| dysuria | pain or discomfort when passing urine | 排尿疼痛或不适 |
| haematuria | blood in the urine | 血尿，尿液中有血 |
| urinary frequency | needing to pass urine more often than usual | 尿频，排尿次数比平时多 |
| urinary urgency | a sudden strong need to pass urine | 尿急，突然出现强烈尿意 |
| urinary retention | being unable to empty the bladder properly | 尿潴留，膀胱内尿液无法正常排空 |
| urinary incontinence | leaking urine without meaning to | 尿失禁，不自主漏尿 |
| urinary tract infection | an infection in part of the system that makes or carries urine | 尿路感染，泌尿系统某部位发生感染 |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder | 膀胱炎 |
| kidney stone | a hard deposit that forms in the kidney | 肾结石，肾内形成的硬性沉积物 |
| renal impairment | reduced kidney function | 肾功能受损，肾脏功能下降 |
| dialysis | treatment that removes waste and extra fluid from the blood | 透析，清除血液中的废物和多余水分 |
| catheter | a tube used to drain fluid, such as urine from the bladder | 导管，用于引流尿液等液体的管子 |
| nocturia | waking at night to pass urine | 夜尿，夜间醒来排尿 |
| proteinuria | protein in the urine | 蛋白尿，尿液中出现蛋白质 |
| urine sample | a small amount of urine collected for testing | 尿液标本，收集用于检验的少量尿液 |
内分泌与代谢
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| diabetes mellitus | a condition in which blood sugar is too high | 糖尿病，血糖持续过高的疾病 |
| hyperglycaemia | high blood sugar | 高血糖 |
| hypoglycaemia | low blood sugar | 低血糖 |
| insulin | a hormone that helps sugar move from the blood into the body's cells | 胰岛素，帮助血液中的糖进入细胞的激素 |
| hyperthyroidism | an overactive thyroid gland | 甲状腺功能亢进，甲状腺过度活跃 |
| hypothyroidism | an underactive thyroid gland | 甲状腺功能减退，甲状腺活性不足 |
| thyroid gland | a gland in the neck that helps control how the body uses energy | 甲状腺，颈部参与调节能量利用的腺体 |
| polydipsia | feeling unusually thirsty | 异常口渴、多饮 |
| polyuria | passing an unusually large amount of urine | 多尿，尿量异常增多 |
| HbA1c | a blood test showing average blood sugar over roughly the past two to three months | 糖化血红蛋白，反映近两至三个月平均血糖的检查 |
| blood glucose monitor | a device used to check blood sugar | 血糖仪 |
| diabetic neuropathy | nerve damage caused by diabetes | 糖尿病神经病变，糖尿病引起的神经损伤 |
| dehydration | too little fluid in the body | 脱水，体内水分不足 |
| metabolism | the processes by which the body uses food and energy | 新陈代谢，身体处理营养和利用能量的过程 |
| ketones | substances made when the body breaks down fat for energy | 酮体，身体分解脂肪供能时产生的物质 |
神经系统
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| stroke | brain damage caused by a blocked or burst blood vessel | 脑卒中，脑血管堵塞或破裂造成脑损伤 |
| transient ischaemic attack | temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to the brain | 短暂性脑缺血发作，脑供血减少引起短暂的卒中样症状 |
| seizure | a sudden burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain | 癫痫性发作，脑部突发异常电活动 |
| epilepsy | a condition that causes a tendency to have repeated seizures | 癫痫，容易反复发生癫痫性发作的疾病 |
| syncope | fainting | 晕厥，短暂失去意识后自行恢复 |
| vertigo | a feeling that you or your surroundings are spinning | 眩晕，感觉自己或周围环境在旋转 |
| paraesthesia | tingling or pins and needles | 感觉异常，如针刺感或蚁走感 |
| numbness | reduced or absent feeling | 麻木，感觉减弱或消失 |
| migraine | a condition that causes attacks often involving headache and other symptoms | 偏头痛，可伴头痛及其他症状的发作性疾病 |
| dementia | a syndrome causing a decline in memory and thinking that affects daily life | 痴呆，影响日常生活的记忆与思维能力下降综合征 |
| delirium | a sudden change in attention and awareness, often with confusion | 谵妄，注意力和意识状态突然改变，常伴混乱 |
| concussion | a brain injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head | 脑震荡，头部受撞击或震动造成的脑损伤 |
| paralysis | loss of the ability to move part of the body | 瘫痪，身体某部分失去运动能力 |
| tremor | unintentional shaking | 震颤，不自主抖动 |
| aphasia | difficulty using or understanding language after damage to the brain | 失语，脑损伤后使用或理解语言困难 |
骨骼、关节与肌肉
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| fracture | a broken bone | 骨折 |
| sprain | an injury to a ligament around a joint | 韧带扭伤，关节周围韧带受伤 |
| strain | an injury to a muscle or tendon | 肌肉或肌腱拉伤 |
| arthritis | inflammation of a joint or joints | 关节炎 |
| osteoarthritis | a joint condition involving changes to cartilage and other joint tissues | 骨关节炎，涉及软骨及其他关节组织改变的疾病 |
| osteoporosis | a condition that makes bones weaker and more likely to break | 骨质疏松，骨骼变脆、更易骨折 |
| tendon | tissue that joins muscle to bone | 肌腱，连接肌肉与骨骼的组织 |
| ligament | tissue that joins bone to bone and helps support a joint | 韧带，连接骨与骨并支持关节的组织 |
| joint stiffness | difficulty moving a joint easily | 关节僵硬，活动不灵活 |
| range of motion | how far a joint can move | 关节活动范围 |
| weight bearing | putting weight through a leg or other limb | 负重，让腿或其他肢体承受身体重量 |
| crutches | supports held under the arms or by the hands to help you walk | 拐杖，辅助行走的支撑工具 |
| splint | a support that keeps an injured body part still | 夹板，用于固定受伤部位的支具 |
| physiotherapy | treatment using movement, exercises and other physical methods | 物理治疗，通过运动等物理方法改善功能 |
| rehabilitation | support and treatment to regain or adapt everyday abilities | 康复，帮助恢复或适应日常活动能力 |
皮肤与伤口
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| pruritus | itching | 瘙痒 |
| rash | a change in the skin's colour or texture, often with spots or irritation | 皮疹，皮肤颜色或质地出现异常变化 |
| eczema | a group of conditions causing dry, itchy, inflamed skin | 湿疹，可引起皮肤干燥、瘙痒和炎症的一类疾病 |
| cellulitis | a bacterial infection of the skin and tissues underneath | 蜂窝织炎，皮肤及皮下组织的细菌感染 |
| abscess | a pocket of pus caused by infection | 脓肿，感染形成的局部积脓 |
| laceration | a cut or tear in the skin | 裂伤，皮肤被割开或撕裂的伤口 |
| abrasion | a graze or scrape on the skin | 擦伤，皮肤表面被擦破 |
| pressure ulcer | damage to skin or underlying tissue caused by pressure, sometimes together with shearing forces | 压力性损伤，受压或受压并伴组织剪切造成的损伤 |
| sutures | stitches used to close a wound | 缝线，用于闭合伤口的线 |
| wound dressing | a covering used to protect a wound | 伤口敷料，用于覆盖和保护伤口的材料 |
| erythema | redness of the skin | 红斑，皮肤发红 |
| bruise | a mark caused by bleeding under the skin | 瘀青，皮下出血形成的印记 |
| blister | a small fluid-filled bubble on the skin | 水疱，皮肤上含液体的小疱 |
| burn | damage to skin or other tissue caused by heat, chemicals or similar sources | 烧伤，热、化学物质等造成的组织损伤 |
| wound infection | an infection in a wound | 伤口感染 |
眼部与视力
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the thin lining over the white of the eye and inside the eyelids | 结膜炎，眼白表面及眼睑内侧薄膜发炎 |
| cataract | clouding of the lens inside the eye | 白内障，眼内晶状体变混浊 |
| glaucoma | a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve | 青光眼，损害视神经的一类眼病 |
| blurred vision | not being able to see clearly | 视物模糊，看不清楚 |
| double vision | seeing two images of one object | 复视，看一个物体出现两个影像 |
| photophobia | discomfort or pain in bright light | 畏光，强光下眼睛不适或疼痛 |
| visual acuity | how clearly you can see details | 视力，辨认细节的清晰程度 |
| retina | the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye | 视网膜，眼球后部感受光线的组织 |
| cornea | the clear front surface of the eye | 角膜，眼球前方透明的表层组织 |
| pupil | the opening in the centre of the coloured part of the eye | 瞳孔，虹膜中央供光线进入的开口 |
| optic nerve | the nerve carrying visual signals from the eye to the brain | 视神经，将视觉信号传向大脑的神经 |
| eye drops | liquid medicine put into the eye | 滴眼液 |
| contact lenses | small lenses worn on the surface of the eye | 隐形眼镜 |
| dry eye | a condition in which the tears do not keep the eyes comfortable and healthy | 干眼，泪液不能充分维持眼表舒适与健康 |
| foreign body in the eye | something in the eye that should not be there | 眼内异物，不应进入眼睛的物体 |
耳鼻喉
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| otitis media | inflammation or infection of the middle ear | 中耳炎，中耳发生炎症或感染 |
| tinnitus | hearing sounds such as ringing when there is no outside source | 耳鸣，没有外部声源时仍听到鸣响等声音 |
| hearing loss | reduced ability to hear | 听力下降 |
| earwax | the natural waxy substance in the ear canal | 耳垢，外耳道自然产生的蜡状物 |
| eardrum | the thin membrane between the outer and middle ear | 鼓膜，外耳与中耳之间的薄膜 |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the spaces inside the face bones | 鼻窦炎，面部骨骼内鼻窦的炎症 |
| rhinitis | inflammation inside the nose | 鼻炎，鼻腔内组织发炎 |
| epistaxis | a nosebleed | 鼻出血 |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils | 扁桃体炎 |
| hoarseness | a rough or changed voice | 声音嘶哑 |
| sore throat | pain or irritation in the throat | 咽喉疼痛或刺激感 |
| swallowing | moving food, drink or saliva from the mouth towards the stomach | 吞咽，将食物、饮水或唾液从口腔送向胃的过程 |
| nasal congestion | a blocked or stuffy nose | 鼻塞 |
| hearing aid | a device that helps you hear sounds more clearly | 助听器，帮助听清声音的装置 |
| vertigo assessment | checks to find out why you feel a spinning sensation | 眩晕评估，检查旋转感的原因 |
疼痛描述
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| acute pain | pain that starts recently and usually relates to an injury or illness | 急性疼痛，新近发生、通常与损伤或疾病有关的疼痛 |
| chronic pain | pain that persists or recurs for more than three months | 慢性疼痛，持续或反复超过三个月的疼痛 |
| radiating pain | pain that spreads from one area to another | 放射痛，疼痛从一处向其他部位延伸 |
| referred pain | pain felt somewhere different from where the problem is | 牵涉痛，疼痛部位与实际病变部位不同 |
| throbbing pain | pain that feels as if it is pulsing | 搏动性疼痛，像脉搏跳动一样的疼痛 |
| stabbing pain | a sharp pain like being pierced | 刺痛，像被尖物刺入的锐痛 |
| burning pain | pain that feels hot or stinging | 烧灼痛，发烫或灼刺样疼痛 |
| pain severity | how strong the pain feels | 疼痛程度，疼痛有多强 |
| pain trigger | something that brings on or worsens pain | 疼痛诱因，引发或加重疼痛的因素 |
| pain relief | a reduction in pain | 疼痛缓解 |
药物与用药
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| analgesic | a pain-relieving medicine | 镇痛药，减轻疼痛的药物 |
| antibiotic | medicine used to treat certain bacterial infections | 抗生素，用于治疗某些细菌感染的药物 |
| anti-inflammatory | medicine that reduces inflammation | 抗炎药，减轻炎症的药物 |
| antihistamine | medicine that blocks the effects of histamine, often used for allergy symptoms | 抗组胺药，阻断组胺作用，常用于缓解过敏症状 |
| adverse effect | an unwanted harmful effect of a medicine or treatment | 不良反应，药物或治疗带来的有害非预期作用 |
| contraindication | a reason a treatment should not be used | 禁忌证，不宜使用某项治疗的情况 |
| allergy | an immune reaction to a substance that is usually harmless | 过敏，免疫系统对通常无害物质的反应 |
| prescription | an authorised instruction for supplying a medicine | 处方，授权供应药物的医疗指示 |
| dose | the amount of medicine taken at one time | 单次剂量，一次使用的药量 |
| medication adherence | taking medicines as agreed with your healthcare professional | 用药依从性，按与医护人员商定的方式用药 |
检查与操作
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| biopsy | taking a small sample of tissue for testing | 活组织检查，取少量组织进行检验 |
| endoscopy | looking inside the body with a thin tube containing a camera | 内镜检查，用带摄像装置的细管观察体内 |
| colonoscopy | a camera examination of the large bowel | 结肠镜检查，用内镜检查大肠 |
| ultrasound | a scan using sound waves | 超声检查，利用声波形成影像 |
| computed tomography | a CT scan that uses X-rays to make detailed images | 计算机断层扫描，利用X射线生成详细影像 |
| magnetic resonance imaging | an MRI scan using a strong magnet and radio waves | 磁共振成像，利用强磁场和无线电波生成影像 |
| local anaesthetic | medicine that numbs a small part of the body | 局部麻醉药，使身体一小部分暂时失去感觉 |
| general anaesthetic | medicine that makes you unconscious for an operation | 全身麻醉药，使手术期间失去意识 |
| informed consent | agreeing to care after understanding relevant information and choices | 知情同意，了解相关信息和选择后同意照护 |
| intravenous infusion | fluid or medicine given into a vein through a tube | 静脉输注，通过管路将液体或药物输入静脉 |
出院与后续照护
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| discharge | leaving hospital or a service after care | 出院或结束某项医疗服务 |
| follow-up appointment | a later appointment to check progress | 复诊预约，之后检查恢复或治疗进展的就诊安排 |
| safety-netting | explaining what changes to watch for and when and where to seek help | 安全告知，说明需观察的变化及何时、何处求助 |
| red flags | warning signs that may need urgent medical assessment | 危险警示征象，可能需要紧急医疗评估的表现 |
| wound care | looking after a wound as advised | 伤口护理，按指导照护伤口 |
| activity restriction | a temporary limit on what activities you should do | 活动限制，暂时限制某些活动 |
| return to work | going back to work after illness or treatment | 复工，患病或治疗后恢复工作 |
| repeat prescription | a prescription for medicine you use regularly | 续方，为长期使用的药物再次开具处方 |
| community nurse | a nurse who provides care outside hospital | 社区护士，在医院以外提供照护的护士 |
| caregiver | someone who helps another person with their care | 照护者，帮助他人满足照护需要的人 |
心理与精神健康
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| anxiety | persistent or distressing worry or fear | 焦虑，持续或令人困扰的担忧、恐惧 |
| depression | a mental health condition involving low mood or loss of interest and other symptoms | 抑郁症，以持续情绪低落或兴趣减退等为表现的疾病 |
| panic attack | a sudden episode of intense fear with physical symptoms | 惊恐发作，突发强烈恐惧并伴身体症状 |
| insomnia | difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep | 失眠，入睡困难或难以维持睡眠 |
| hallucination | seeing, hearing or feeling something that is not actually there | 幻觉，没有相应外部刺激时出现看见、听见或感觉到事物的体验 |
| delusion | a strongly held false belief that is not explained by the person's cultural background | 妄想，不能用其文化背景解释的牢固错误信念 |
| suicidal thoughts | thoughts about ending one's own life | 自杀想法，想到结束自己的生命 |
| self-harm | deliberately hurting oneself | 自伤，故意伤害自己 |
| counselling | talking with a trained professional to explore difficulties and support change | 心理咨询，与受训专业人员交谈以探索困难并获得支持 |
| mental capacity | the ability to make a particular decision at the time it needs to be made | 特定决定的决策能力，指当时能否作出该项决定 |
儿科与儿童照护
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| paediatrics | healthcare for babies, children and young people | 儿科，婴幼儿、儿童及青少年的医疗照护 |
| immunisation | the process of developing protection against an infection, usually through vaccination | 免疫保护的建立，通常通过接种疫苗获得 |
| febrile seizure | a seizure associated with fever in a child | 热性惊厥，儿童发热相关的惊厥发作 |
| growth chart | a chart used to track a child's growth over time | 生长曲线图，随时间记录儿童生长情况 |
| developmental milestones | skills that children typically gain as they grow | 发育里程碑，儿童成长过程中通常逐步获得的能力 |
| breastfeeding | feeding a baby with milk from the breast | 母乳喂养 |
| weaning | introducing solid foods alongside milk feeding | 添加辅食，在奶类喂养基础上引入固体食物 |
| nappy rash | irritated skin in the area covered by a nappy | 尿布疹，尿布覆盖区域的皮肤刺激和发红 |
| oral rehydration solution | a drink containing water, salts and sugar to replace lost fluid | 口服补液盐溶液，含水、盐和糖的补液饮品 |
| parental concern | something a parent is worried about regarding their child | 家长对孩子情况的担忧 |
感染与防控
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| fever | a raised body temperature | 发热，体温升高 |
| sepsis | a life-threatening reaction to infection that can damage the body's organs | 脓毒症，感染引起危及生命并可损害器官的反应 |
| contagious | able to spread from one person to another | 有传染性，能够在人与人之间传播 |
| incubation period | the time between catching an infection and developing symptoms | 潜伏期，从感染到出现症状的时间 |
| isolation | keeping someone apart to reduce the spread of infection | 隔离，将人员分开以减少感染传播 |
| hand hygiene | cleaning hands to reduce germs | 手卫生，通过清洁双手减少病原体 |
| personal protective equipment | items such as gloves and masks used to reduce exposure to hazards | 个人防护用品，如手套、口罩等 |
| swab | a sample collected using a small absorbent tip | 拭子标本，用带吸附头的采样工具收集的样本 |
| culture | a laboratory test that grows germs from a sample | 培养检查，在实验室培养样本中的微生物 |
| antimicrobial resistance | when germs no longer respond to medicines meant to treat them | 抗微生物药物耐药性，病原体对原本用于治疗它的药物不再敏感 |
孕产期
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| antenatal care | healthcare during pregnancy | 产前保健，孕期医疗照护 |
| postnatal care | healthcare after giving birth | 产后照护 |
| contractions | tightening and relaxing of the womb muscles | 宫缩，子宫肌肉收紧和放松 |
| miscarriage | the loss of a pregnancy before a baby can survive outside the womb | 自然流产，胎儿尚不能在子宫外存活时妊娠自然终止 |
| ectopic pregnancy | a pregnancy developing outside the womb | 异位妊娠，妊娠发生在子宫腔外 |
| pre-eclampsia | a pregnancy complication involving high blood pressure and other signs of organ problems | 子痫前期，伴高血压及其他器官异常表现的妊娠并发症 |
| gestational diabetes | diabetes first diagnosed during pregnancy | 妊娠期糖尿病，孕期首次确诊的糖尿病 |
| caesarean section | an operation to deliver a baby through the tummy and womb | 剖宫产，通过腹部和子宫切口娩出婴儿的手术 |
| breast engorgement | breasts becoming very full, swollen and uncomfortable with milk | 乳房胀满，乳汁充盈造成肿胀和不适 |
| postpartum haemorrhage | heavy bleeding after giving birth | 产后出血，分娩后大量出血 |
患者安全
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| allergic reaction | symptoms caused by the immune system reacting to a substance | 过敏反应，免疫系统对某种物质反应引起的症状 |
| anaphylaxis | a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction | 严重全身性过敏反应，可能危及生命 |
| falls risk | the chance that someone may fall | 跌倒风险，发生跌倒的可能性 |
| mobility aid | equipment that helps someone move around | 行动辅助器具，帮助移动或行走的设备 |
| choking | a blockage in the airway that makes breathing difficult or impossible | 气道异物梗阻，堵塞气道使呼吸困难或无法呼吸 |
| aspiration | food, liquid or another substance entering the airway | 误吸，食物、液体或其他物质进入气道 |
| resuscitation | emergency treatment to restore breathing or circulation | 复苏，为恢复呼吸或循环而进行的急救 |
| infection prevention | actions taken to reduce the spread of infection | 感染预防，减少感染传播的措施 |
| safeguarding | protecting people from abuse, neglect or harm | 保护性照护，防止虐待、忽视或其他伤害 |
| interpreter | a trained person who helps people communicate across languages | 口译员，受过训练、协助跨语言沟通的人员 |
评估与照护计划
| 医学术语 | 面向患者的英文表达 | 中文释义辅助 |
|---|---|---|
| referral | asking another health professional or service to assess or help someone | 转诊，请其他医护人员或服务机构评估或协助 |
| assessment | gathering information to understand a person's needs or condition | 评估，收集信息以了解需要或病情 |
| diagnosis | identifying a condition from the available evidence | 诊断，根据现有证据识别疾病或状况 |
| prognosis | the expected course of a condition | 预后，预计疾病或状况将如何发展 |
| screening | testing people for signs of a condition before symptoms are noticed | 筛查，在尚未察觉症状时检查疾病迹象 |
| monitoring | checking a condition or measurement over time | 监测，随时间持续检查病情或测量指标 |
| shared decision-making | patient and professional making care decisions together | 共同决策，患者与专业人员一起作出照护决定 |
| advance care planning | discussing and recording preferences for future care | 预先照护计划，讨论并记录未来照护意愿 |
| confidentiality | keeping personal information private and sharing it only appropriately | 保密，保护个人信息并仅在适当情况下分享 |
| teach-back | asking someone to explain information in their own words to check how clearly it was explained | 复述确认，请对方用自己的话说明以检查理解 |
常见问题
需要把全部词条背完才能开始Speaking吗？
不需要，可以从当前role-play涉及的少量词开始练解释和回应。重要的是能根据患者的问题调整表达，而不是连续背出词条。遇到不熟悉的概念时，再回到词表确认含义。
中文释义可以直接当临床翻译使用吗？
不可以，它只是帮助学习者理解词义的简短辅助，不能覆盖所有语境。真实临床沟通可能需要合格口译员，尤其涉及知情选择和安全信息时。也不能把词条当成诊断或用药建议。
Listening Part A可以写词条中的同义表达吗？
应训练写出实际听到且符合空格的英文词，不要从词表猜一个同义词。听完后检查拼写、单复数和词形。中文只用于理解与复盘，不能替代英文答案。
面向患者的表达越简单越好吗？
应以清楚、准确并适合对方为目标，而不是一味缩短。过度简化可能把血栓和出血、吞咽和误吸等概念混淆。解释后应提问并检查理解，必要时换一种说法。
这份词表能预测正式考试会考什么吗？
不能，它是一组按主题整理的语言学习材料。正式任务还会涉及患者顾虑、时间变化和生活背景，不能只依赖医学名词。应把词汇练习放回完整录音、信件和role-play中检验。
资料来源
- OET Test Handbook 2026 2026-10-24
- NHS Health A to Z 2026-10-24
- MedlinePlus: Understanding Medical Words 2026-10-24
- OET: Speaking sub-test 2026-10-24
- OET: Listening sub-test 2026-10-24
核查日期：2026-10-24。规则、费用和考位可能变化，请在报名或提交申请前查看官方最新信息。
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